scale of hardness

Before that, the micro forward extrusion die was designed and manufactured, and the design technology of micro-forming die was discussed. Furthermore, micro hardness tests on axial section of the formed parts were also conducted to study the inhomogeneous material flow scale effect.

本研究同时还设计、制造了微型正挤压模具，对微成形工艺模具设计进行了初步探讨。

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To combine hardness semiempirical equations and population ionicity scale of a chemical bond makes the hardness predictions possible, in which all parameters can be calculated by first principles.

将硬度的半经验公式与化学键的布居数离子性标度相结合，使完全采用第一性原理可计算的参数来预测硬度成为可能。

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Mechanical properties and microstructures of black hard films of Ti/ TiN/ Ti ( N, C)/ TiC, grown on industrial scale by cylindrical arc ion plating on substrates with different hardness using our home made apparatus, were tentatively preliminarily characterized.

利用自制的柱弧离子镀膜机，在不同硬度基体上制备了Ti/TiN/Ti（N，C）/TiC多层复合膜。

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Hardness measurements identified that the relationship between the yield strength ( one-third of hardness) which increased with decrease of layer thickness for Cu/ Ni multilayers and single layer thickness at sub-micron length scale& could be described by the Hall-Petch ( H-P) formula for dislocation pile-up.

结果表明，当膜厚在亚微米范围内时，Cu/Ni多层膜的屈服强度（为硬度值的1/3）与单层膜厚之间符合基于位错塞积模型的Hall-Petch（H-P）关系式；

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Some effective methods have been given, for instance, decreasing the carbonate's hardness for the scale of recirculated water, thermal deoxidization, adding inhibitor and covering the metal surface with coating materials for the corrosion control of the system.

对于循环水结垢应采用降低循环水中的碳酸盐硬度和加阻垢剂；对于循环水系统的腐蚀可采用热力除氧、投加缓蚀剂及使用涂料覆盖于金属表面等方法。

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